Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oligonucleotide primers used for RT-PCR assays*

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Sequencing, Virus

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Symptom onset trimester, pregnancy outcomes and Zika virus tissue RT-PCR results of 52 case-patients*

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics and laboratory findings for 13 microcephaly-associated case-patients*

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus, Membrane

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics and laboratory findings of case-patients with adverse pregnancy outcome*

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus, Membrane

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Zika virus RNA load levels in human brain and placental tissues. The scatter plot graph shows the relative levels of Zika virus RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, which were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR by using primer-probe sets for Zika virus envelope gene and β-actin mRNA. β-actin mRNA was used as an internal reference gene that provided a normalization factor for the amount of RNA extracted from a section. The copy number of Zika virus RNA per cell was calculated using β-actin mRNA copy number, which was estimated to be 1,500 copies/cell. The graph shows individual data points and superimposed horizontal lines at the geometric mean, and error bars show the 95% CI for that geometric mean. p values were calculated with nonparametric 1-way analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis test) followed by Dunn multiple comparison tests. The relative Zika virus RNA copy numbers for second/third trimester or full-term placentas were statistically significantly lower than those for first trimester placentas or infant brain tissues.

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus, Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded, Reverse Transcription, Comparison

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of Zika virus RNA by in situ hybridization in brain tissues from infants with microcephaly. A) ISH with use of antisense probe. Zika virus genomic RNA (red stain) in cerebral cortex of an infant (case-patient no. 66, gestational age 26 wk). Original magnification ×10. B) ISH with use of sense probe. Serial section showing negative-strand replicative RNA intermediates (red stain) in the same areas shown in panel A. Original magnification ×10. C) ISH with use of antisense probe. Higher magnification of panel A, showing cytoplasmic staining of neural (arrowheads) and glial cells. Original magnification ×20. D) ISH with use of sense probe. Higher magnification of panel B, showing cytoplasmic staining of neural and glial cells (arrowheads). Original magnification ×20. E) ISH with use of antisense probe. Localization of negative-strand replicative RNA intermediates in neural cells or neurons (red, arrowheads) of another infant with fatal outcome (case-patient no. 67, gestational age 27 wk). Original magnification ×40. F) Immunostaining of neurons (arrowheads) with use of antibodies against neuronal nuclei in a serial section. Original magnification ×40. G) Hematoxylin and eosin stain showing cortical neural cells in a serial section. Original magnification ×40. H) Immunostaining of glial cells (arrowheads) with use of glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody in the same case. Original magnification ×40. ISH, in situ hybridization.

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus, RNA In Situ Hybridization, Staining, Immunostaining, H&E Stain, In Situ Hybridization

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Zika Virus RNA Replication and Persistence in Brain and Placental Tissue

doi: 10.3201/eid2303.161499

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of Zika virus RNA by ISH in placental tissues of women after spontaneous abortion. A) ISH with use of antisense probe. Zika virus genomic RNA localization in placental chorionic villi, predominantly within Hofbauer cells (red stain, arrows), of a case-patient who had spontaneous abortion at 11 wk gestation (case-patient no. 56). Original magnification ×10). B) ISH with use of sense probe. Serial section showing negative–strand replicative RNA intermediates (red stain, arrows) in the same cells shown in panel A. Original magnification ×10. C) Hematoxylin and eosin stain of placental tissue of a case-patient who experienced spontaneous abortion at 8 wk gestation (case-patient no. 47). Original magnification ×20. D) Immunostaining for CD163 highlighting villous Hofbauer cells in a serial section as seen in panel C. Original magnification ×63. E) ISH with use of antisense probe. Zika virus genomic RNA as seen in a serial section from the same case-patient as in panel C, showing staining within Hofbauer cells (red stain, arrows) of placental chorionic villi. Original magnification ×40. F) ISH with use of sense probe. Serial section showing negative-strand replicative RNA intermediates (red stain, arrows) in the same cells as shown in panel E. Original magnification ×40. G) Hematoxylin and eosin stain from the same case-patient as in panel C, showing inflammatory cell infiltrates in maternal side of placenta. Original magnification ×63. H) ISH with use of sense probe. Negative-strand replicative RNA intermediates (red stain, arrows) in inflammatory cells in a serial section. Original magnification ×63. ISH, in situ hybridization.

Article Snippet: Zika virus ISH was performed by using sense and antisense riboprobes that target multiple genes of Zika virus (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark, CA, USA).

Techniques: Virus, Staining, H&E Stain, Immunostaining, In Situ Hybridization

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors

doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Advances and potential application of biosensors in pharmaceutical sciences

Article Snippet: Electrochemical immunosensor , Zika virus (envelope protein) , 10 pM , Zika virus (strain Zika SPH2015) envelope protein (ZIKV-E) ELISA Pair Set; Sino Biological Inc. (LOD = 125 pg/mL) , Promising clinical application for early-stage diagnostics of the virus, operation time around 40 min , Kaushik et al. ( ) .

Techniques: Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Imaging, SPR Assay, Electrochemiluminescence, MicroChIP Assay, In Vitro, Infection, Amplification, Isolation, Biomarker Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors

doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarization of LOD, advances of the abovementioned biosensors, and their comparison with common methods of detection

Article Snippet: Electrochemical immunosensor , Zika virus (envelope protein) , 10 pM , Zika virus (strain Zika SPH2015) envelope protein (ZIKV-E) ELISA Pair Set; Sino Biological Inc. (LOD = 125 pg/mL) , Promising clinical application for early-stage diagnostics of the virus, operation time around 40 min , Kaushik et al. ( ) .

Techniques: Glutamate Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Diagnostic Assay, Sequencing, Simultaneous Assay, Biomarker Assay, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization